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Vol. 24 * Number 2 * Dec. 2016 The Library of Congress, Washington, DC * ISSN 1553 - 5827 Online Computer Library Center * OCLC: 920449522 National Library of Australia * NLA: 55269788 The Cambridge Social Science Citation Index, CSSCI, Peer-Reviewed Scholarly Journal Refereed Academic Journal Indexed Journal Since 2001 All submissions are subject to a double blind review process |
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The primary goal of the journal will be to provide opportunities for business related academicians and professionals from various business related fields in a global realm to publish their paper in one source. The journal will bring together academicians and professionals from all areas related business fields and related fields to interact with members inside and outside their own particular disciplines. The journal will provide opportunities for publishing researcher's paper as well as providing opportunities to view other's work. All submissions are subject to a double blind peer review process. The journal is a refereed academic journal which publishes the scientific research findings in its field with the ISSN 1553-5827 issued by the Library of Congress, Washington, DC. The journal will meet the quality and integrity requirements of applicable accreditation agencies (AACSB, regional) and journal evaluation organizations to insure our publications provide our authors publication venues that are recognized by their institutions for academic advancement and academically qualified statue. No Manuscript will be accepted without the required format. All Manuscripts Should Be Professionally Proofread Before the Submission. You can use www.editavenue.com for professional proofreading / editing etc...Preferably, the manuscripts should be checked through plagiarism detection software (for example, iThenticate / Turnitin / Academic Paradigms, LLC-Check for Plagiarism / Grammarly Plagiarism Checker) and send the certificate with the complete report. Articles, papers or cases submitted for publication should be original contributions and should not be under consideration for any other publication at the same time. Authors submitting articles/papers/cases for publication warrant that the work is not an infringement of any existing copyright, infringement of proprietary right, invasion of privacy, or libel and will indemnify, defend, and hold the journals (AABJ and BRJ) or any conferences we hold or sponsor (s) harmless from any damages, expenses, and costs against any breach of such warranty. Our mission is to provide a quality research publication venue for academic authors from academic institutions of all research-levels. The journal is published two times a year, December and Summer. The e-mail: jaabc1@aol.com; Website: BRC Requests for subscriptions, back issues, and changes of address, as well as advertising can be made via our e-mail address.. Manuscripts and other materials of an editorial nature should be directed to the Journal's e-mail address above. |
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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the journal. You are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution or use of any information (text; pictures; tables. etc..) from this web site or any other linked web pages is strictly prohibited. Request permission / Purchase article (s): jaabc1@aol.com |
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Independent Accountant Opportunity for Wealth Management Reporting on Crowdfunding Engagements Dr. Michael Ulinski, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY Dr. Roy J. Girasa, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY
ABSTRACT The researchers examined the statutory provisions of crowdfunding as a type of liquidity for business startups. The opportunity for local and regional CPA firms was noted as larger CPA firms may not be agile as smaller sized firms to handle reviews needed in crowdfunding engagements. Both clients receiving funding from this new source of capital and intermediaries charged with researching the viability of projects could use specialty firms able to finish due diligence review requirements in a timely manner. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations for firms interested in a fast growing field of wealth management. The financial crisis of 2007-2009 that occurred in the United States and for a longer period globally that led to the highest level of unemployment since the Great Depression of the 1930s caused a major rethinking in Congress concerning how to deal with the crisis. Legislatively, the Dodd-Frank Act(1) sought to curb the abuses within the financial system with its 1,000 page, multiple titled divisions that encompassed perceived abuses and causes of the crisis particularly by banking institutions. As a result, the statute resulted in major overhauling of substantive financial sectors that also included the Volcker Rule(2) that essentially prohibited banks from engaging in risk-oriented investment activities such as in hedge funds, probation (not successful) of “too-big-to-fail” banks, reform of credit rating agencies, the creation of the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC)(3)to regulate financial sectors of the economy that may create financial danger to overall U.S. financial stability, protection of consumers, and other provisions.
Improving Quality Using Plackett-Burman Screening Designs Dr. John E. Knight, University of Tennessee at Martin, Martin, Tennessee
ABSTRACT The improvement of product quality can be achieved more effectively using a sequential methodology that includes experimental design as suggested by the six-sigma philosophy {Pande, Neuman, and Cavanagh (2000), Breyfogle (2003). Chowdhury (2001), Lucas (2002)}. Other well-known systematic improvement methodologies developed by Qual Pro Consulting of Knoxville and Joseph Juran (Goetsch, 2014) have different numbers of steps but are equally effective. The final goal of these methodologies builds toward finding break-through improvements using designed experiments that identify and optimize statistically significant factors that influence product quality in light of the many potential ideas that are available to investigate. Plackett-Burman designs (Tyssedal, 2008) are multivariate fractional factorial arrays that strive to identify statistically significant main effects while hinting of possible interactions. The designs also offer the advantage of great reductions in the sample sizes needed to identify significant factors. These multifactor design of experiments provide far greater analytical ability than traditional one factor at a time testing. This paper will demonstrate the usefulness of the multifactor design principles as compared to one factor at a time testing. The approach will be illustrated by the successful application of the principles using a case example in the carbon electrode manufacturing environment.
Building Trust and Agreement in Negotiations Dr. David A Robinson, RMIT Asia Graduate School, Vietnam Dr. Kleanthes Yannakou, RMIT Graduate School of Business and Law, Australia
ABSTRACT This article expands the theme of ‘meta-modelling’ to embrace an aspect of negotiation theory that never seems to date. To skilfully craft solutions that not only give negotiating parties a short-term ‘win’ but also build a foundation for long-term mutual benefit must surely be the quintessential prize sought by organizations and governments engaged in diplomatic relations and negotiations. But why is it so seldom achievable in one-on-one negotiations between individuals or small groups, whether business, community, or personal relationships? This question has been pondered by many and remains one of the most important aspects of leadership and management. This paper seeks to answer it by integrating negotiation styles theory and traditional wisdom about how to negotiate with allies and adversaries within the values journey meta-model. It examines how ultimate collaborative (win-win) solutions can be brought to fruition when trust and agreement are forged in equal measures within a context of high-level shared values represented by the third paradigm of the values journey model. Negotiation was addressed as one of the themes in the meta-model series (Robinson, Morgan and Nguyen, 2016) and negotiation styles have previously been re-positioned within a values framework (Robinson and Nguyen, 2016), thereby providing a framework by which to predict an individual’s negotiating position in an effort to pre-empt their propensity and ability to seek collaborative outcomes.
The Impact on Firm Value of LIFO Adoptions Revisited Dr. John R. Wingender, Jr., Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska Dr. Thomas A. Shimerda, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska Dr. Thomas J. Purcell, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
ABSTRACT In this paper the impact of the corporate decision to switch their GAAP inventory valuation to the LIFO (Last In, First Out) method. Research from 30 to 40 years finds significant positive abnormal returns from the adoption of LIFO. However, economic conditions were very different then with the high inflation rates in the 1970s than in the 21st Century. We replicate these studies with data starting in 2000. In our sample we find a significant positive impact on firm value from LIFO adoptions which is surprising given the low inflation environment of this sample. Traditional work on the impact of firm value from managerial decisions to change GAAP postulates that accounting changes do not change firms’ cash flow, thus should have no impact on firm value. As the Literature Review section recounts, most all tests of accounting changes with event methodology indicate no statistically significant change in firm value as measured by the average abnormal return on the event date of the change in the accounting method. The exception to the rule has been switches from FIFO (First In, Last Out) method to LIFO (Last In, First Out) method. There are many reasons for this finding. The main reason is that switching to LIFO in high inflation times leads to immediate costing to increase, with no change in actual cash outflow or change in cash value of inventory. An increase in accounting expenses leads to lower earnings before taxes. This leads to lower taxes, which is a lower cash outflow. This results in higher after-tax cash flow today. Thus there is a direct impact on cash flow without any change in overall risk which should lead to increased firm value today.
Evaluation of Questionnaire for Transfer Pricing Issue of SMEs in Europe Dr. Veronika Solilova, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic Dr. Danuse Nerudova, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
ABSTRACT Although SMEs present more than 99 % of enterprises acting in the non-financial business sector in EU and contribute significantly to national and global economic growth, they are facing a lot of obstacles resulting into the higher compliance costs of taxation and lower participation on the international markets. Our research focused on the transfer pricing of SMEs and its compliance costs, which present one of the obstacles which SMEs are facing. The current approach of transfer pricing for SMEs and its related costs were evaluated based on the results of the questionnaire performed in Europe. Based on the results we can concluded that SMEs would appreciate the introduction of specific measurements for transfer pricing which would decrease their increased compliance costs of transfer pricing. Their costs for managing of general transfer pricing requirements were estimated up to EUR 2,000 per year, however, in case of documentation up to EUR 6,000 per year. The European Commission (2003) defines the Small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter SMEs) according to the number of employees, turnover or balance sheet total as enterprises which employ less than 250 employees and have an annual turnover of less than EUR 50 million, and / or their balance sheet total is less than EUR 43 million. The European Commission (2015) states that SMEs present 99.9 % (i.e. 22.3 million) of all enterprises acting in the non-financial business sector in 2014.
Teaching Economics, In-class versus Online Effectiveness Dr. Doina Vlad, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA
ABSTRACT This research paper looks into the advantages and disadvantages of switching from traditional in-class teaching of economics, to online teaching. The research data comes from student evaluations and surveys. Some advantages from the online class delivery format noted by students are: time saved not having to travel to and from school, especially during the wintertime and for night classes; the advantage of having recordings available for them, so they can listen to them as many times as needed until they feel confident in mastering the material; students enjoyed learning more about the technology and new software, which are transferable skills to the modern workplace; increase student self-confidence and the ability to work independently in an online environment. For future research I want to include student assessment measures and compare the learning achieved in the regular face-to-face classes to results achieved by students in the online courses. Let’s take a walk on one of the big universities campuses and look around; what we’ll probably see are buildings, parks, a Student Center, sports arena, and many buildings and places meant to make students feel comfortable and "live the true life of a student." That happened to me as well while in Graduate School. I remember one of my "take a break from studying" routine during a cold day was to "get lost" in the Student Center lounge, many times with a cup of coffee in front of a TV watching something that wasn't really interesting, but relaxed me; or during a sunny day, walking around the lake and sitting on the benches and looking at the water, that relaxed me as well. Fast-forward 15 years later; how do students relax, interact, and what do they expect from the "college experience" today?
Monitoring and Accelerating Structural Change via Exports: A Capability Based Approach for Turkey Dr. Hayrettin Kaplan, Marmara University, Istanbul
ABSTRACT Development is shifting resources from low productive activities to high productive ones. So development should be understood as a dynamic endless process. The process should be responsive to the development of the capabilities that a country has. In this regard we try to determine the activities that a developing country should focus when the already developed capabilities are taken into account. We monitor the development of export performance and the structural change Turkey has experienced between 1995 and 2013. We evaluated the existing industry structure and determined the potential sectors that are more productive and suitable with the capability stock of Turkey. These sectors are proposed to be the potential accelerators of the ongoing structural change. Development is a process of structural change towards sectors which have higher productivity. Since sectors are differentiated among their productive capacity and demand elasticity, heading towards more efficient sectors increases the overall productivity in the economy (Prebisch, 1950; Kuznets, 1966, Paus, 2012). During the process of structural change, developing countries first tends to shift resources from agriculture to industry in the sense of Lewis (1954) by importing foreign technology and capital to increase productivity.
An Iterated Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm for a Single-Machine Scheduling Problem with Periodic Maintenance and Sequence-Dependent Setup Times Dr. Chun-Lung Chen, Takming University of Science and Technology, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
ABSTRACT We consider the scheduling problems in a single machine with periodic maintenance and sequence-dependent setup times. The objective is to minimize the total weighted tardiness of the problem. The problem considered in the paper is a NP-hard in a strong sense. It requires much computation time to find the optimal solution; therefore, heuristics are an acceptable practice for finding good solutions. In this paper, an iterated variable neighborhood search algorithm is proposed to solve the problems. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, several algorithms are examined on a set of 320 instances. The results show the proposed algorithm performs effective. In this research, an iterated variable neighborhood search algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of single machine scheduling with periodic maintenance and sequence-dependent setup times. The objective is to minimize the total weighted tardiness of the problem. For convenience, we refer to the proposed algorithm as IVNS. The single machine scheduling problem does not necessarily involve a single machine; issues in a complicated machine environment, such as a single bottleneck (Gagne et al., 2002; Liao & Juan, 2007) or other complex scheduling issues, can also be fully reduced to single machine scheduling; for instance, a group of machines may be treated as a single machine (Al-Turki et al., 2001; Ying et al., 2009).
Analyzing Financial Time Series Using Monte Carlo Bayesian Approach Dr. Jae J. Lee, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY
ABSTRACT This paper explains how to analyze financial time series data using Bayesian inference with Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) algorithm. Many business and economic time series are parsimoniously modeled by Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Bayesian inference provides a systematic way to incorporate researcher’s prior knowledge in the analysis of data and provides a sequential way to update analysis given new data. Rather than repeated sampling paradigm, its paradigm is to treat the unknown entities as a random vector and to derive a posterior probability density for the random vector. Summary of the random vector is usually based on random draws of the posterior probability density. MCMC algorithm helps generate random draws of the posterior probability density that doesn’t have an analytical form from which random draws are easily obtained. In this paper, several ARIMA models are modeled using simulated data. Prior density and posterior density of parameters of each ARIMA model are obtained by Bayesian inference. A random walk Metropolis and Hastings algorithm is used to generate random draws of posterior density. Random draws are used to summarize characteristics of parameters of ARIMA models. Some convergence diagnostics of MCMC approach are discussed. A business and economics time series is a stationary if the joint distribution of a time series is not affected by a change of time origin. If a time series shows a stationary pattern, autoregressive (AR), moving average (MA) or mixed (ARMA) model is very useful to model a stochastic structure that generates the series. However, many business and economics time series do not show the stationary pattern.
Development of Marketing Capabilities Along the Life Cycle of the Firm Katharina Buttenberg, University of Latvia
ABSTRACT Marketing capabilities have gained a lot of interest in resource-based theory literature in the last decade. Customer- and Brand-oriented marketing capabilities have been identified as one of the key capabilities for business performance. Therefore, these capabilities have to be acquired and developed at a very early stage in the firm. The purpose of this paper is to identify the specific challenges firms have to face in the development of capabilities during their life cycle, specifically marketing capabilities. The approach is a literature review. For the analysis, the author draws on the literature of the resource-based theory for marketing capabilities and life cycle theory. Key findings are that young firms have to specifically establish marketing capabilities to be successful in terms of business performance and later on they have to further develop these capabilities. Since the development of capabilities in young firms very often is an unstructured process, practical implications of this paper prompt that a structured process for the development of marketing capabilities should be established to ensure successful future development. This is a theoretical paper and includes the findings of the literature analysis of the resource-based theory on marketing capabilities in connection to business performance and the life cycle theory on capability-development, as well as findings and suggestions for future steps in empirical research. The resource-based theory (RBT) is based on the theoretical approach that a firm can gain competitive advantage by acquiring a unique set of resources (Barney, 1991).
How Idol Admiration Affects Audience's Willingness to Watch Broadcasts of Japanese Professional Baseball Games: A Case Study of Taiwanese Baseball Players in Japan Dr. Yu-Chih Lo, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taiwan Dr. Tu-Kuang Ho, Taiwan Hospitality & Tourism University, Taiwan
ABSTRACT Professional baseball has been very popular in Taiwan. As more Taiwanese baseball players are scouted and signed by overseas professional baseball organizations, these overseas professional baseball leagues with Taiwanese players have attracted more audience in Taiwan. The study aimed at exploring Taiwanese baseball audience’s willingness toward broadcasted Japanese professional baseball games (NPB), subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and idol admiration, these factors’ effects on behavior intent. For the study, the researchers utilized purposive sampling and administered 310 questionnaires in total. After filtering 10 invalid questionnaires, the study collected 300 valid questionnaires, yielding a 96.8 percent survey response rate. In terms of data analysis, the researchers first processed demographic variables with descriptive statistics in SPSS 20.0, followed by multivariate analysis and model rationality validation, which were further analyzed as measurement model and structure model, in AMOS 20.0. The results found that firstly, audience’s willingness toward broadcasted NPB games, perceived behavior control, and idol admiration, have significant influence on behavior intent. Whereas, for the audience’s subjective norms toward broadcasted NPB games, the study found no significant impact on behavior intent. In conclusion, based on the findings, the researchers then made recommendations for future studies on idol admiration and spectator behavior in sports.
Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Organic Growth within Vertical Software Firms James Simak, Jacksonville University, Florida Steven T. Kelley, Jacksonville University, Florida Dr. Vikas Agrawal, Jacksonville University, Florida
ABSTRACT Growth in competitive industries is often pursued through mergers, acquisitions and consolidations, frequently with less than desirable, lasting results as the outcome. However, a larger balance sheet or increased revenues are initially certain, providing organizations with confidence that the growth objectives will be met. In contrast, organic growth is abstract and uncertain, historically pursued by development of strategic competitive advantage through superior marketing efforts refining or redefining product, place, price and promotion to gain market share. As an alternative, a growing number of theories and models have been developed around the importance of risk taking through entrepreneurship and innovation as the principal method of achieving long term, sustainable growth. This study investigates factors identified by senior managers as contributory to entrepreneurship and innovation within diversified, established vertical software firms and tests hypotheses related to such factors for growth and success of the firm. Further, this study attempts to determine if sustained organic growth of the firm must include innovation and entrepreneurship as fundamental competencies. Interviews were conducted with senior leaders responsible for overall business unit results including sales and marketing, operations, product development and competitive strategy in niche software vertical markets.
Effect of Deferred Tax Reporting – Case of Publicly Traded Companies in Czech Republic Dr. Hana Bohusova, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic Dr. Patrik Svoboda, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
ABSTRACT The reporting of deferred tax is an instrument for distributable profit or loss regulation in a form of an accrual or a deferral. The research aimed at deferred tax in European companies is very limited. The majority of studies carried out in this issue concerns firms incorporated in the USA and covers period beginning in 1994. The contribution to the current research in this issue is that the research is concerned to non US companies reporting according to IFRS. The structure of deferred tax category of publicly traded joint-stock companies in the Czech Republic and its impact on financial analysis ratios are subjects of the research. According to information of Prague Stock Exchange (2016), there were 24 publicly traded companies trading their stocks on Prague Stock Exchange in researched period in total. The financial institutions (5) were excluded from the research. Additional 5 companies were excluded due to incompletely information provided. The research is built on results of the authors´ previous research. The processed data were obtained from annual report of the companies. The materiality of deferred tax category within our sample was examined and details on the most significant components of temporary differences were presented. The relation between deferred tax expense and the total corporate income tax expense in the period and the relation between deferred tax changes and EBIT and EAT were tested.
Mitigating Risk from Railcar Bearing Failures: A Predictive Model for Identifying Failures Dr. Vikas Agrawal, Jacksonville University, FL Kimberly Bynum, Jacksonville University, FL John Jinkner, Jacksonville University, FL Frank Lombardo, Jacksonville University, FL
ABSTRACT Previous research on accident rates for trains has shown that, when trains are traveling above 25 miles per hour, the main cause of accidents is equipment failure that, to a high degree, includes bearing failure. Using data collected from acoustic wayside defect detectors along railroad tracks, statistical analyses were conducted to build a model that will predict the percent probability of bearing failures. This information may be useful to better detect defective bearings before a failure, and to create maintenance schedules using predicted failure rates to maximize railroad safety and minimize maintenance costs. Railroad companies use wayside detectors and automated analyzers to identify railcars and associated equipment that exhibit operating parameters which warrant repair or replacement. Three United States railroads (CSX, Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern) have partnered to develop the Joint Wayside Diagnostic System (JWDS). Although each railroad operates its own separate portion of the JWDS system, all data is fed into a single database, and this database is available for information exchange between the railroads. Equipment failure and/or car downtime prove expensive for railroad companies. Real-time condition monitoring and reporting provided by JWDS mitigates downtime and accidents, and therefore costs.
Market Reactions to the PricewaterhouseCoopers Merger Chiawen Liu, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Taychang Wang, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Wan-Ting (Alexandra) Wu, University of Massachusetts Boston, MA
ABSTRACT This paper examines the market reactions to the merger of Coopers & Lybrand (CL) and Price Waterhouse (PW) in 1997. The results show that, when the merger plan was announced, there are no significant abnormal returns for CL clients, PW clients, or clients of both accounting firms. Further analyses show that the market reactions to the merger plan are indifferent between firms with varying monitoring demand. Although the monitoring hypothesis is rejected, we find evidence consistent with the insurance hypothesis: financially-distressed clients have more positive abnormal returns around the date of announcement than financially-healthy clients. Such results imply that investors of a financially-distressed client expect more benefits from the merger of its accounting firm which enhances auditors’ insurance role against a corporate failure. Merger and acquisition has been a corporate strategy to expand market share or improve company performance. Accounting profession is no exception. In 1989, Ernst & Young was formed by the merger of Ernst & Whinney and Arthur Young. In the same year, Deloitte, Haskins & Sells and Touche Ross merged and became Deloitte & Touche. In this merger wave, the Big 8 shrank to the Big 6. On September 18, 1997, Coopers & Lybrand (CL) and Price Waterhouse (PW), at the time the fifth- and the sixth-largest accounting firms in the U.S., announced to establish the world’s accounting giant, with combined annual fees of $11.8 billion in worldwide in 1996 and about 135,000 employees across the globe.
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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the journal. You are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution or use of any information (text; pictures; tables. etc..) from this web site or any other linked web pages is strictly prohibited. Request permission / Purchase article (s): jaabc1@aol.com |
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Index: The Library of Congress, Washington, DC: ISSN: 1540 – 7780
Index: Online Computer Library Center, OH: OCLC: 805078765
Index: National Library of Australia: NLA: 42709473
Index: Cambridge Social Science Citation Index, CSSCI.
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